Saving Syria’s Jews

“A woman of valor” is an apt description of Judy Feld Carr, who started a secret network that saved 3,228 Jews from a nation that restricts them into ghettos, makes them identify their religion on their identity cards, and has all but lost a 2,500-year-old Jewish community.

In 1972, Toronto high school music teacher Judy Feld Carr came across a news article in The Jerusalem Post that told of the tragic deaths of 12 young Syrian Jewish men who ran across a minefield while attempting to flee Syria across the Turkish border.

“I saw the article and I couldn’t get over it,” Carr recalled last week in a phone interview with the Post 34 years after that fateful publication. The daughter of an independent-minded fur trader from Sudbury, Ontario, she could not sit helpless while Syria’s Jewish community suffered. “So my late husband and I decided we had to do something about it.” And she did. Spectacularly. Over the next 28 years, Carr masterminded from her Toronto home an international smuggling operation, complete with elaborate secret codes, meetings overseas with foreign agents and extensive bribes for Syrian officials, which rescued 3,228 Jews from persecution.

Much of Carr’s work remains secret. “Even today, more is hidden than known, and we still cannot expose in detail many of [Carr’s] rescues,” noted a recent article in IICC Magazine, the journal of the Israeli Intelligence Heritage and Commemoration Center. Edited by former senior IDF intelligence officer Brig.-Gen. (res.) Ephraim Lapid, IICC Magazine quoted “foreign sources, who revealed that Carr was involved in the creation of a secret and secure information network with extensive connections,” both with “official and secret sources in Israel and private ones in America.”

Though her husband died suddenly of a heart attack in 1973, leaving her alone with three children, Carr maintained and strengthened her fragile contact with Syria’s Jews. When, in 1977, she married Donald Carr, he became her confidant and supporter, and one of only a handful of people around the world who knew about her clandestine activities.

Toronto’s Beth Tzedec synagogue, the largest in Canada, established the Dr. Ronald Feld Fund for Jews in Arab Lands, and Carr used donations to this fund to finance her work. “We had no overhead, no executive directors, no salaries. We didn’t have dinners, cocktail parties, fundraising,” she recalled. “We only printed thank-you cards.” Even so, she said, she received quiet financial help from Jews throughout North America. “It spread by word of mouth across Canada from British Columbia to Newfoundland. Then there was a fund in Baltimore that sent their money,” she said.

At its outset, the Beth Tzedec fund “was only a link to the rabbi in Damascus, and later on to rabbis in Allepo and Kamashili,” the only three towns in Syria where Jews were legally permitted to reside – and even then restricted to ghettos, forbidden to own cars or to travel. “The rabbis wanted books, tefillin (phylacteries), tallisim (prayer shawls),” Carr related.

Soon, the telegrams and Judaica shipments became a code.

Do you think Steven Spielberg will make a movie called “Judy’s List?”

“I started inserting words into the telegrams, like ‘who’s in prison?'” she related. “Then the rabbi would answer with a name, [hidden] inside my address.”

In order to verify that the rabbi had received the books, Carr would write one verse of psalms inside a book, and Rabbi Hamra would reply with the next one. Eventually, the verses became a way of discussing events, and Carr began to receive updates and news from the community. As the code developed it took on additional elements, including terms taken from Chinese cooking and alcoholic beverages. Carr herself was codenamed “Gin.”

The operation was expanded to Aleppo when another Toronto woman, Hanna Cohen, whose brother was a rabbi in Aleppo, decided to visit him, “taking her life into her hands.” Carr recalled that Cohen was arrested and interrogated, but then returned to Canada. She carried with her, hidden in her clothing, a letter for Carr “from the rabbis in Aleppo begging for books and begging to get out of Syria.”

Read the whole, inspiring story, and then look for the book. I want to learn more about this woman, who is now a grandmother of thirteen. Kol hakavod, Judy Feld Carr. Kol hakavod.